Digest-MD5 Authentication Mechanism
===================================

Digest-MD5 has two things that make it special and which can cause problems:

 * Instead of using user@domain usernames, it supports *realms*.
 * User name and realm are part of the MD5 hash that's used for authentication.

For these and other reasons Digest-MD5 has been obsoleted
[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6331] by SCRAM
[http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5802].

Realms
------

Dovecot v1.0 has problems handling user@domain style usernames with Digest-MD5
and with passwords stored in plaintext in the password database.

Instead, user@realm is used. Realms are an integral part of Digest-MD5. You
will need to specify realms you want to advertise to the client in the config
file:

---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------
auth_realms = example.com another.example.com foo
---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------

The realms don't have to be domains. All listed realms are presented to the
client and it can select to use one of them. Some clients always use the first
realm. Some clients use your domain name, whenever given more than one realm to
choose from. Even if this was NOT one of the choices you provided (KMail,
others?). In both cases the user never sees the advertised realms.

You can also set an 'auth_default_realm' to use when a client gives an empty
realm. However the client is supposed to use the same realm it tells the server
for the calculation. So when this option helps, it is only for broken clients.

DIGEST-MD5 scheme
-----------------

Password must be stored in either plaintext or with DIGEST-MD5 scheme. See
<Authentication.PasswordSchemes.txt>.

The Digest is the MD5 sum of the string "user:realm:password". So for example
if you want to log in as 'user' with password 'pass' and the realm should be
'example.com' (usually not provided by the user, see above), create the digest
with:

---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------
% echo -n "user:example.com:pass" | md5sum
c19c4c6e32f9d8026b26ba77c21fb8eb  -
---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------

And save it as

---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------
user@example.com:c19c4c6e32f9d8026b26ba77c21fb8eb
---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Note that if you're using DIGEST-MD5 scheme to store the passwords, you can't
change the users' names or realms in any way or the authentication will fail
because the MD5 sums don't match. Also not that this is different from what
Apache does with HTTP AUTH Digest. There it would be
'user:example.com:c19c4c6e32f9d8026b26ba77c21fb8eb' and is created with
'htdigest'.

Testing
-------

You can use 'imtest' from Cyrus SASL
[http://asg.web.cmu.edu/sasl/sasl-library.html] library to test an IMAP
connection:

---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# With realm:
imtest -a user -r example.com
# Without realm:
imtest -a user@example.com
---%<-------------------------------------------------------------------------

(This file was created from the wiki on 2019-03-05 04:42)